Characteristics of Essay Writing

Characteristics of Essay WritingIn the real world, there are many different characteristics of essay writing. It is a lot like a regular job, where you get tasks assigned to you, and then you have to do your best to deliver the results that you need in a certain amount of time.The main key with essay writing is to make sure that the content that you put in there is good enough to satisfy your readers. Of course, you can get out of this as well, but I think that this would be the best way to go about things, and this would be how you would learn how to write an essay. You would find out what is good for you, and then you can work on perfecting it to make it the best.You have to realize, that when you write, it is not the same as what you do in school. Writing is all about communication. So, you need to be able to communicate in the best way that you can. This is one of the characteristics of essay writing.Making sure that you communicate your ideas clearly is one thing that you need t o learn. Then again, getting into an essay is just like in school, when the teacher would tell the students how to write a paper. There are just some similar skills involved.The second most important thing is to make sure that you get into an essay well. For example, if you are going to be writing an essay about some medical thing, then it would be better if you know how to read a medical chart. Then again, I would say that if you are a math or science major, then you would be better off knowing about these topics. Of course, if you are not any of these subjects, then don't worry about it because you still will be able to make something worthwhile.Ofcourse, you will also want to know what is the necessary knowledge that you need for essay writing. Of course, the best way to get this knowledge is to enroll yourself in a college. For example, if you have taken your degree in accounting, you can go to school to learn how to write an essay. Since you took accounting, you would learn all the necessary information on this topic.You will also need to be able to write an essay that is going to be on a subject that you are very familiar with. Of course, you can always find ways to research on the topic if you don't feel like doing so. It would just be easier to do so since you are already knowledgeable of the topic.These are the characteristics of essay writing, and one of the most important ones is just having the ability to communicate well. Of course, this is what you need to do to learn how to write an essay.

Argumentative Essay Topic For The Giver

Argumentative Essay Topic For The GiverArguing against someone who is in a debate is an argumentative essay topic for the giver. The essay topic is for the potential giver of the argumentative essay topic and not for the recipient.Giving argumentative essays on various topics is a challenge that can be much more difficult than simply typing one. When one is working with a specific person as the topic of the argumentative essay, there are some things that can and should be considered.If the individual is not one who is receptive to change or becoming more open to change and has some personal character problems, then perhaps it would be best to steer clear of this type of essay. The person that does not respond to being challenged is unlikely to respond to being challenged as well. If the person has a repressed past, rather than acknowledge this fact, one might want to stay away from this particular essay topic for the giver.There may be times when it is appropriate to give the argumen tative essay topic on the person if they have a specific conversational skill. These skills can be in the form of debating, persuading, etc. In these cases, the essay topic is much easier and could be one that can be delivered in a shorter amount of time.One of the most common reasons for giving the argumentative essay is simply because the individual is proving wrong one's beliefs or assumptions. The essay can include criticisms and rebuttals, which can be quite revealing. It is important to keep in mind the fact that one's responses to the critiques will reflect upon their belief systems.Research is also important to consider when choosing an argumentative essay topic for the giver. Researching the subject of the argumentative essay is one way to make sure that the subject is relevant and not based upon rumors. One should look at the fact that the essay is actually making an argument and not just giving a response.Arguing against a person who is in a debate is an argumentative ess ay topic for the giver. The essay is the simplest form of communication and should be delivered in an efficient manner. Using some key points in the essay as part of your research can ensure that one gets the most effective argument possible.

The Future of Cruise Industry Free Essays

The Future of Cruise Industry Abstract Cruise industry has rapidly developing since 1990s; it becomes not only as transportation tool, but a modern way of travel and even lifestyle. It is regarded as ‘floating resorts’. This journal article focuses on the future development of cruising industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Future of Cruise Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now It examines cruise industry on five main factors: the structure of the industry: high concentration and enter of Low-Cost cruise lines; the potential customers: whether aging population or young generation would be the major group of consumers; destinations and markets: define the most popular destinations and core markets, as well as the exploration of new markets and destinations; the new innovation of sea-based apartment, the safety and security issues, which significant raised concern recently; and whether the cruise industry is environmental sustainable. Three key sources are used to compare and contrast the viewpoints: Hospitality 2010, which is written by Dr. Cetron; Cruise Ship Tourism, written by Dr. Dowling; and the Cruise Ship Experience, written by Dr. Douglas. These key sources are very up-to-date and reliable, the key authors are admitted as experts whether in the business or academic field, their works are in line with the topic. This journal article identifies current situation and the future developing trends of the cruise industry. It concludes that he cruise industry has a very bright future if proper measurements and regulation are being introduced and well implemented. Nowadays, Cruise industry is concerned as the most rapid growing sector in hospitality industry, which the business is expanding by 8 percent annually. In some specific area such as Alaska and Caribbean, it remains the top industry that contributes to the economy. Cruising business is expanding and changing world-wide; however, the industry is little understood by the society. Today, ships are not viewed as a means of transport but as floating resorts. Mega ships were introduced to carry more than 5,000 people; new ports on call and destinations are been discovered and on the way of developing the business. However, accomplished by the booming of the industry, several issues have been risen concerns on. This journal article will discuss six issues relate to the developing trends of cruise industry: the structure of the industry and further trends; the potential passengers; the existing and potential markets and destinations; the sea-based apartment—will it be popular; the concern of safety and security which is considered as primary factor due to the terrorist attacks; and the environmental issue: should corporations be self-guarded or forced to implement regulations. The thesis statement of the article is that cruise industry will overcome the difficulties and have a fortunate future. The secondary research is based on both quantitative and qualitative data, include case studies, statistics and in-depth interviews. To support the secondary data, a primary research was conducted in the form of questionnaire. The sample gathered fourty international students that majoring in hospitality and tourism management in Sydney. The sample was gained from the Carrick College, International College of Management, Sydney and Holmes College. The nationalities are varies, include Sweden, Norwegian, Australian, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. The questionnaire combines ‘Yes or No’ questions, multiple choices and short answers. These questions are in line with secondary data that discussed in the journal article, identify whether people are interested and willing to experience cruising in the future. The aim of primary research is to explore whether the responses are support or against Dr Dowling (2006), Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Douglas (2004)’ findings. Literature Review Ideas from two key sources are used to compare and contrast in this journal article. The first key source is chapter 8 from Hospitality 2010, which is written by Dr. Marvin J. Cetron, who is a professional forecaster for over 40 years admitted both by corporate and American government. He is admitted as an expert in the fields of technological forecasting, strategic planning, technology assessment, Ramp;D planning, resource allocation, economics, marketing, and the behavioral sciences. Dr. Cetron has written 36 books, numerous articles and papers. His most popular works are future orientated. Hospitality 2010 is written in the form of business report and is considered American biased (Hall, 2007); Chapter 8 explores most of the aspects of cruising industry briefly which brought out discussion. It examines potential trends and problems such as waste management, aging population and future destinations that are particularly useful for this journal article. Dr. Ross K. Dowling is Foundation Professor and Head of Tourism in the School of Marketing, Tourism and Leisure, Faculty of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia. Professor Dowling is an international speaker, author, researcher and consultant on tourism with over 200 publications. He is passionate about Cruise Industry and he has lectured on board Silver Cloud around the east coast of Australia and New Zealand. The second source: Cruise Ship Tourism is the first comprehensive academic book to raise the awareness of cruise industry. It analyses current status of cruise industry and investigates a number of industry issues and predicts the future trends. This book gives clear direction from academic viewpoint. The third key source is The Cruise Experience written by Dr. Norman Douglas and Dr. Ngaire Douglas. Dr. Norman Douglas is Director of Pacific Profile and has taught at the University of New South Wales, the University of the South Pacific, Fiji and the University of Hawai’i. Dr. Ngaire Douglas is Associate Professor in the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. The Cruise Experience examines cruising today, the economic impacts of cruising, and case studies from various perspectives. The Structure of Cruise Industry No doubt, three major companies control about 80% of the cruise market worldwide. The top three companies are Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean and Star Cruise. While the cruise industry’s capacity is increasing, the number of cruise companies is shirking. Douglas (2004) states that the move towards oligopoly will continually contribute to the disappearance of the mid-sized independent cruise companies which are rating from three-to-four star; only companies which have their own niche market or have strong economic background will survive. Furthermore, the Carnival Corporation aims not only the ‘world leading cruise lines’, but ‘the world only cruise line’. It means more cruise lines would likely be merged in the future; the concentration in the industry is possibly to increase even further (Dowling, 2006). Klein (2002) identifies bankruptcies as another reason for high concentration of the industry. In 2000 and 2001, seven cruise companies have ceased operations, include Premier Cruises, Commodore Cruise Line, Cape Canaveral Cruise Line and World Cruise Company, which eliminated more than 7,000 berths. Klein (2002) observes that the cruise industry’s expansion would be greater if the bankruptcies were not happened. Besides concentration that highly emphasised by experts, Dr. Dowling (2006) argues that Low Cost Cruising would make a significant growth of the industry. For example, Low Budget ‘no-frills’ style airlines had made a success in 2000s, such as Midway Airlines and SunJet Airlines. In 2005, the founder of one of the Low Cost airlines, EasyJet, has started a Low Cost no frills cruise line EasyCruise in Europe, targeted at younger generation between 20 and 40 years old; more than half of the customers are British, followed by Americans, Germans and the Swiss. Dr. Dowling (2006) asserts that there will be a rapidly growing niche market for low cost cruises. Potential Passengers According to Dr. Dowling (2006), a recent survey has shown that the passengers are becoming more youthful and are demanding more active itineraries. Take example of Alaska, the average age of passengers has fallen from 65 to 50 during 2004-2005. Furthermore, Dr. Dowling (2006) claims that family orientated cruises is becoming increasingly popular and will become a major niche market in future. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA, 2004) showed 16% of cruisers bring children under age of 18 years sailed on their member line ships in 2004, which estimated number of more than one million. Dr. Cetron (2006) agrees that younger travelers form a profitable market for family cruising; to build up brand loyalty is one of the biggest advantages of catering them, cruise companies considered them as the most profitable cruisers for their later lives. Dr. Dowling (2006) observes that compare to younger generation, the number of full-time retirees is declining due to the fact that mid-career baby boomers now make up the largest market for cruises of 42%. In contrast, Dr. Cetron (2006) strongly argued that due to the fact that people are living longer and growing older on average, these people make up a growing segment of the cruise market. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, people over 65 were only 8% of the population in 1950 in the developed world, but 15% in 2000 and will be 27% in 2050. In some countries like Japan, the number will climb up to 37%. Secondly, senior generation take the longest and most luxurious cruises. Different from family and budget-minded passengers, elder people prefer small ships and regardless of the money just to have good times. They would be very profitable for cruise operators. Thirdly, Dr. Cetron (2006) believes that the growth of over 65 market will moderate the regular seasonality of tourism, because retirees can travel at any time; this can help cruise operators to adjust their cash flow. In addition, some cruise lines have already targeted retirees as core market and adjust their service to suit the market; Dr. Cetron (2006) recommends this market has potential consuming strength that could definitely increase revenue for the cruise company; others should follow their lead. New Markets and Destinations A number of new markets and destinations are rapidly recognised in the cruise sector. Dr. Cetron (2006) illustrates that by 2010, China is expected to be the single largest source of international tourists in the world, displacing Americans, Japanese and Germans. He predicts that 100 million Chinese will travel globally in 2020; even 1% of them take cruise trip, the market size will be more than doubled. In the meanwhile, although Dr. Dowling (2006) concerns China as a potential market as well, he suggests more studies should be conducted before enter of the market to understand and explore the possibility to develop cruise industry in China. Another emerging cruise destination both Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Dowling (2006) have strongly emphasised is the Indian Ocean. South Africa and the Eastern African ports have already established some trade, 0. 2% of the world market, as Dr. Dowling (2006) states; the National Ports Authority is working on the development of the cruise industry in this region in order to ensure that efficient, effective services and facilities are provided to cruise liners to populate the South African coastline. As Dr. Cetron (2006) observes, cruise lines will begin to offer cruises and on board amenities suited native Indian’s taste and serve the local market. A New Innovation: Sea-based Apartment Dr. Dowling (2006) states that another area of potential expansion in the future is the rise of service apartment ships. These type of ships represent another type of community, the service include Clinique, swimming pools, several restaurants, grocery stores tennis court, disco, book store, mini golf course and helicopter pad. Already there is one privately owned residential cruise liner, the world, which houses 110 apartments that have already sold out, running the business. The residents mainly come from Europe and the USA. However, some apartments usually being left empty and treated as holiday homes. Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that the possibility of whether sea-based apartment is a new opportunity for cruise lines or just a short term fashion will be identified by time. Safety and Security Anderson (2005) described security issues facing cruise industry include piracy, terrorism, drug smuggling, sexual assault and stowaways (Dowling, 2006). Piracy is a form of terrorism that exists for a long time. However, it has been largely ignored by the community due to the frequency of attacks. Dr. Dowling (2006) demonstrates the main cruise ships routes of piracy include the Straits and Malacca, the Red Sea and Indonesian and Malaysian waters. Another issue which has continually raising the concern is terrorism, despite of the infrequency of attack of cruise lines. The Caribbean has been identified as a major area of terrorist attack. Dr. Dowling (2006) detected that terrorist incidents within the cruise industry has been very rare, which is less than 2% of all terrorist attacks in the last thirty years. It may due to difficulty of accessibility and the specialist skills compare the way to attack land-based targets (Chalk, 2002). Dr. Cetron (2006) argued that cruise ships are ideal targets for terrorists who are willing to sacrifice themselves as they can take large number of people with them. The second reason is, as the government facilities and land-based buildings are becoming harder to attack, cruise ships are currently facing great risk. Furthermore, 94 percent of American rate the hotel safety as a primary factor in order to decide where to stay (Cetron, 2006). Regarding cruises as floating hotels, terrorism becomes a top concern for passengers. Both Dr. Cetron (2006) and Dr. Dowling (2006) mentioned the highjack of the Italian cruise liner â€Å"Achille Lauro† in 1985, which a US citizen was killed. Great emphasis of improving passengers’ safety and security was implemented immediately after the attack. Even though, bomb threats on board have never stopped, accomplished by people being killed. Recently, The International Ship and Port Safety (ISPS) Code was fully implemented in order to control the situation. Dr. Dowling (2006) emphasises US and Australia have higher security measures than other countries to prevent terrorist attacks on maritime targets. In addition, Australia has some of the most secure ports in the world including the USA. Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that there is little the industry can do to prevent terrorism, however, it can be minimised through better security both at sea and in port. In addition, Dr. Cetron predicts that the legislation will be much tighter in the future regarding to the prevention of terrorism on board. Environmental Sustainability: Environmental Policy Challenges The question has been raised that whether cruise industry is environment sustainable or not. As the primary survey shows, environmental issues are not being realised seriously by society. Surprisingly, 74 percent of the sample responded with no clue of what environmental impact the cruise industry would cause, which is very shock. In fact, the destinations that located in biodiversity hotspots are being highly concerned as they have the most diverse and threatened environments on Earth. The destinations include the Caribbean, The Mediterranean, Western Mexico, the Panama Canal Zone and the South Pacific. Over the last 40 years, the governments have already made some progress and implementing environmentally responsible legislation and policy guidelines. However, Furger (1997); Freeman (1997); Luke (1997) and Sinclair (1997) argues that â€Å"current debate shows ongoing progress will not be accomplished by government intervention alone† (cited in Dowling, 2006). To examine whether self-regulation and voluntary guidelines or control regulation is more suitable for the cruise industry, two case studies from Juneau, Alaska, USA and Sydney, NSW, Australia are examined in the article. No doubt, the state of Alaska has the strictest regulations for cruise ships in the world, as the state regards the industry as primary factor that contribute to the local economy. The sewage and grey water discharge are especially strict in Juneau. Dr. Dowling (2006) states The Clean Water Act in the USA allows sewage to be dumped into the ocean beyond 3 miles of shore but not navigable water. Grey Water can be discharged anywhere in the USA but Alaska and the Great Lakes. Once the legislation has set, cruise companies responded voluntarily and showed their enthusiasm to go beyond compliance, which effect their marketing, reputation and economic value. Their strategies include best practice management, eco-labelling and green marketing. In the meanwhile, innovative technology in the form of advanced on-board wastewater treatment facilities was introduced by the cruise industry that is commonly applied to the cruise ships today. However, Dr. Klein (2002) argues that environmental responsibility can never voluntarily assumed due to the disappointed history. Dr. Klein (2002) describes the pattern that most industry innovations follow is, deny their faulty behaviour, persuade government to not implement regulations, resist enforcement, and after being caught, announce new company’s regulations. He maintains that self-regulation is the way cruise companies to escape from being caught. The situation in Sydney is a reverse of Juneau, where ‘regulation stifles innovation and discourages beyond compliance behaviour’ (Dr. Dowling, 2006). The legislation of ‘no-discharge’ in Sydney has made shipping agents frustrated. In Juneau, those ships with the state-of-art wastewater systems can discharge continuously cannot make exceptions from no-discharge policy applies at Sydney Harbour. To reply these unhappy operators, Sydney ports argue that even advanced wastewater system installed in cruises, produce still excess nutrients (Sydney waterways, 2003). However, no-charge policy has made the new system become a financial liability to cruise companies. They have to afford the cost of installing and operating the system but still have to pay for sewage disposal. To reduce the cost, cruise companies use older ships with older technologies instead of new ships in Australia; they argue that the no-charge policy is actually posing a degree of harm to the environment, which because older ships poses even more environmental hazards. In summary, experts support various viewpoints: Sinclair (1997) noted that mix of policy mechanisms and technological innovation should be involved; Klein (2002) asserts the industry requires strong legislations to control the corporations’ behaviour; on the other hand, Rondinelli (2000) believes more industry self-regulation would work. The key author Dr. Dowling (2006) concludes that due to the failure of corporations to build up their credibility and continually being caught and charged, cruise companies should not be trusted by self-regulation; Dr. Dowling (2006) observes strong legislation would best control the disposal issue and maintains environmental sustainability efficiently. Conclusion It is obvious cruise industry is big business; not only for cruise operators, but valuable for many nations, cities, ports and communities. Just in North American region in 2004, it provided 135,000 jobs and contributed US$30 billion on the US economy, which increased more than 18% over the previous year. The business structure will be very similar to the current airline industry, which dominate by oligopolists but small growing sector for Low Cost cruises; and these large companies might implement predation strategy, increase the frequency of sailing routes and depress the prices to drive Cost cruises out, like what American Airline did in 1990s. Secondly, the passengers will not only be concentrated on elder generation, but involved all age groups; different cruise lines will particularly target different groups when considering purchase new vessels and planning market strategies. Thirdly, the progress of developing cruise industry in developing countries is on their ways, the future markets and destinations will not be only in developed nations, but spread globally. Next, the trend of sea-based apartment is difficult to predict, but due to the luxury and extremely high price of purchasing, one thing cannot deny that it is entertain for upper class only. Furthermore, due to the continue impact from terrorist attack and risen concern from passengers, the policy of safety and security will be increasingly tighter with new detecting technology involved. Lastly, the environmental sustainability issue will never be finished the discussion. In my opinion, doesn’t matter what action people take into account, when there is human activities, it will be no longer sustainability. However, due to the fact that it is merely impossible for human being to stop discovering the Earth, what government and non-profitable orgnisations can do is to minimise our influence to the environment, establish more policies to regulate and strict activities with monitoring, because I believe deeply that self-regulation will never work, as long as the improper discharge of wastes can save their cost. At the very end, I strongly believe the cruise industry will have a very bright future, for the cruise operators, the consumers, the employment, the society and the governments. References Cetron, M. (2006). Hospitality 2010— the Future of Hospitality and Travel. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Dowling, R. K. (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. London: CABI. Douglas, N. amp; Douglas, N. (2004). The Cruise Experience – Global and Regional Issues in Cruising. London: CABI. Ebersold, W. B. Business Briefing: Global Cruise– Cruise Industry in Figures. 2004). [Online]. Available: http://www. touchbriefings. com/pdf/858/ebersold. pdf [Accessed 2008, April 1]. Klein, A. R. (2002). Cuise Ship Blues—The Underside of the Industry. Canada: New Society Publishers Ye, W. China’s Cruise Economy is Ready to Bloom. (2007). [Online]. Available: http://www. ccyia. com/english/News_View. asp? NewsID=154 [Accessed 2008, March 31]. Choi, C. Q. (2007, March 25). Cruise Lines Face More Policing of Waste Disposal. The New York Times. P5. Appendix Survey on Cruise Industry 1. Have you ever been taken a cruise trip? Yes No 2. Are you willing to take a cruise trip in the future? Yes No Not sure 3. Which type of cruise do you prefer? A. Small luxury ships with personalised service B. Big ships, 1000 – 2000 passengers, probably need to Queue for amenities/facilities C. Budgeted cruise trip 4. Who would you likely to travel with? A. Friends B. Family C. Alone 5. How many days do you prefer to spend on cruising? A. 3 days B. 3 to 7 days C. 14 days D. A month 6. What is your spending expectation during the stay on a cruise? A. AU$50 to 100 B. AU$100 To 300 C. More than AU$300 7. Is there any destinations you wish to visit? Eg, the Caribbean, Alaska, Australia round trip, Antarctic, Malaysia/Indonesia, China 8. Why you choose cruise trips but not land-based hotels/resorts? Give one or more reasons. 9. What is the most important factor that you consider when choosing a route or cruise line? 10. Do you know the cruise lines are damaging the environment especially the marines? If yes, what things should be done to prevent/reduce the impact of cruise industry? How to cite The Future of Cruise Industry, Papers

The Spaniard Quietist Miguel de Molinos Essay Example For Students

The Spaniard Quietist Miguel de Molinos Essay The Spaniard Quietist Miguel de MolinosI. Factors. The Church, since its origins has suffered from the attack of hereticsand their heresies which have caused many controversies and schisms within it. However, many of the conflicts are the result of other than heresies. There arecases where conflicts arose because of ambition of power, lack of moral, andintrigues, other because of lack of wisdom and a poor theological understanding. We will write a custom essay on The Spaniard Quietist Miguel de Molinos specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One of the instances in which a mixture of the elements mentioned abovewere present was the case of the Spaniard quietist Miguel de Molinos during theXVII century. Molinos was accused by the Church with charges of heresy as wellas of immoral misconduct. His main work La Gua Espiritual (The spiritualGuide) was placed in the Index of the Church, and Molinos himself wascondemned to life imprisonment, to be perpetually clothed in the penitentialgarb, to recite the Credo and one third of the Rosary, and to make confessionfour times every year. Molinos recanted publicly. His admirers said that he was behavingconsistently with what he believed and taught. His accusers said that hisrecanting was a proof of his guilt. What were real motives why Molinos admitted his guilt? Molinos oncesaid: The true quietists are always quiet, serene and eve-minded in Graces andin extraordinary favors as also in the most rigorous and bitter torments. Nonews causes them to rejoice, no event saddens them.Was Miguel de Molinostrying to be consistent way with his mystical teachings of total passivity?, orwas he really guilty as charged? Was Molinos a victim of the jealousy of theJesuits? Was his fall caused by the machinations of a corrupt clergy who sawthat they would loose their living if his plain and simple method of devotionwere generally adopted? Did he ever had any other options than recantadmitting his culpability? Was martyrdom his only other option?II. ProtagonistsMolinos was a man of noble character and a brilliant and widelycultured mind. His reputation of director of consciences and spiritual guidegranted him the admiration and esteem of all kinds of people among whom wasCardinal Benedict Odescalchi who la ter became pope Innocent XI. At his arrestthose who new him close were very distressed. His servants kissing his feet andcalling his a saint where convinced that all was a mistake. When all thistook place in 1685 Molinos was fifty-seven years old, (he was born in 1628 ). Although when arrested he lost control , during the trial he show noapprehension, he was a quietist by conviction . The pope Innocent XI ( former Cardinal Benedict Odescalchi and personalfriend of Molinos ) was born in Como (Italy) and pursued his studies in Geneva,Rome, and Naples. He was elected pope by the Cardinal College in 1676. He isportrayed by catholic historians as pope that was committed to keep anhonorable life, which was hard to do in his age and office -. He made reformsin the Church specially in relation with the abuses of nepotism. In order to beconsistent with his convictions he kept his own nephew away from the Roman Curia. Because of his campaign against king Louis XVI Innocent was called theProtestant pope by the Gallican party. He was considered a man of iron handwhen needed. He made some prescriptions concerning the behavior of the clergy,forbade the entering of women into the Vatican Palace (except the royalty), . and condemned the Quietism of Molinos. Concerning his former friendship withMolinos he claimed Veramente siamo engannati. .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .postImageUrl , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:hover , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:visited , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:active { border:0!important; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:active , .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4361ce52e0432ca8e1c6ccb45e1f2de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Agriculture EssayIII. The ConflictThe teachings of Molinos were not knew for the Church. In Spain themystic Juan Falcon (1596-1638), had a large number of followers during hislifetime. Another group, the Alumbrados influenced many people in Cadiz andSeville in the late 1500s. They taught that vocal prayer, and thinking in thehumanity of Jesus or in his passion must be avoided. In 1623 the Inquisitioncondemned them as heretics. It is clear that both, Falcon and the Alumbrados,influenced Molinos thought. Molinos doctrines about mysticism were world wide appreciated andpracticed. It is said that in Naples he had more that 20.000 followers. Hispopularity among the royalty was notable. Queen Christina of Sweden, andprincess Borghese were among his devoted followers. The main work of Molinos LaGua Espiritual was subject of investigation by the Holy Office. However theconflict arose when the Jesuits begun to question his practices and theteachings found in his writings which at one time were highly praise by theclergy . Molinos has taught that if souls in a high state of prayer aretempted to commit the most obscene and blasphemous acts, they must not leavetheir prayer to resist the temptation; the devil if being allowed to humiliatethem, and if the actions are committed, they are not to be confessed as sins. For him Quietism was the mean to reach God and to find peace: Rest isnecessary for the soul as well as the body; rest in which the force of gracerefresh and recreate thesoul. This rest can not be obtained by employing the soul in variousspiritual activities. Just as the body needs sleep in order to recruit hisenergies, so the does the soul requires a silent resting if the presence of God. This kind of teachings caused that in many convents the nuns thought lightly ifconfessions, indulgences, penance, and vocal prayer, and regarded themselves asnot blameworthy for their material faults. After months of investigation ofhis books, and personal letters (about 20.000 were analyzed by the Inquisition),the Inquisition sponsored by the Jesuits presented 263 charges against Molinos. Sixty eighth of his propositions were condemned as Heretical, erroneous,blasphemous, dangerous, and in practice, incompatible with Christian morality. It is interesting that only two witness accused him with of obscenities . Whatwere those so called obscenities? It is not possible to answer this question. There is no access to the reports of Molinos trial. They are buried inthe secret files of the Holy Office. Molinos retracted from his teaching publicly in 1687 at the Church ofSanta Mara Sopra Minerva. Along with Molinos more than two hundred personswere arrested in Rome, and several communities of nuns found themselvesimplicated in the scandal. One month after his sentence the Gazette de Francepublished the news of Molinos dead; however, historians tells us that Molinoslived nine more years, dying at the age of sixty-eight on December 28, 1696. The Catholic Encyclopedia ends its article about Molinos saying: He lived 9more years of pious and exemplary behavior, perhaps practicing his teaching thatelevated souls seek only the humiliations and scorn that it might please God tosend. IV. Possible OptionsIt is evident that the Molinos was facing a dilemma. The Church hascalled him to repent of serious charges.What should be his response to themandate of the Church? Shall he be consistent with his Quietism and recant inobedience? He chose to recant admitting the charges against. In doing so hetried to be consistent. By the other hand the other only option was to keephimself standing in his beliefs and to pay a the higher price of martyrdom. Weprobably never know what was in his mind during the trial. It may be that theaccusations of immoral behavior were real and that he just was caught and hadno other option. .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .postImageUrl , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:hover , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:visited , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:active { border:0!important; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:active , .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36 .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u011cf9e13ff06cef0c7986a65e8eff36:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ethnographic Summary of Japan EssayV. Biblical Principles. The Scriptures leave no place for immorality and lack of repentance inthe life of true believers . We dont know the heart of man, (God is the finaljudge), but if Molinos was living an immoral lifestyle the Bible have very clearteachings. The Apostle Paul dealing with immorality in the Church of Corinthsays: It is reported commonly that there is fornication among you, and suchfornication as is not so much as named among the Gentiles, that one should havehis fathers wife. And ye are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that hethat hath done this deed might be taken away from among you. 1 Cor. 5:1-2. TheChurch must never allow immoral people to continue living in sin. In 2 Th. 3:6Paul again gives specific commandment concerning this issue: Now we command you,brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves fromevery brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which hereceived of us. There is not only immorality that is to be forbidden inthe Church but heresy as well: A man that is an heretic after the first and secondadmonition reject; Knowing that he that is such is subverted, and sinneth, beingcondemned of himself, Titus 3:10-11. Was this the case of Molinos? Was he one ofthose whom profess that they know God; but in works they deny him? Titus 1:16. VI. ConclusionMiguel de Molinos have passed to the history as accused of being bothheretic and immoral. He has been judged by the Roman Catholic Church and foundguilty. However the lack of historical evidences bring doubts upon his blame. Only God the Supreme Judge of all men will have the last word concerning thecase of this mystic of the middle ages. BIBLIOGRAPHYBell, Mary. A Short History of the Papacy. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company,1921. Braure, Maurice. The Age of Absolutism. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1963. Calvin, John. Institutes of The Christian Religion. Grand Rapids, Michigan:Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962. Cristianini, Leon. Heresies and Heretics. New York: Hawthorn Books, c1959. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 1926 ed. S.v. Quietism. Gonzlez, Justo L. The History of Christianity Volume II. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1984. Herbermann, Charles, Edward Pace, Cond Pallen, Thomas Shasan, and John Wynne,eds. The Catholic Encyclopedia New York: Robert Appleton Co., 1911. S.v. Molinos, Miguel de Art, by Antonio Prez Goyena. Hogarth, Henry. The Mystery of Molinos. London Quaterly and Holborn Review,(January 1953): 178: 6-10. Knox, Ronald, A. Enthusiasm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961 c1950. Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition in Spain. Vol. IV. New York:AMS Press, Inc., 1988. Llorca Vives, Bernardino. Historia de la Iglesia Catlica en sus Cuatro GrandesEdades, Vol. 4. Madrid: Editorial Catlica, 1950-1960. Mestre Sanchis, Antonio. La Iglesia en la Espana de los siglos XVII y XVIII. The Church in Spain during the XVII and XVIII centuries. Madrid: EditorialCatlica, 1979. Pastor, Ludwing. The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages. Vol. 32. USA: Consortium Books, 1978. Whalen, John P., and Patrick O. Boyle, eds. New Catholic Encyclopedia. Washington: McGraw Book Co., 1966. S.v. Molinos, Miguel de Art, by T. K. Connolly. Religion

Ethnic Stereotypes in t essays

Racial/Ethnic Stereotypes in t essays Social prejudices or programmed depictions of groups in a society have long pervaded and shaped social ethos, but it is through this awareness, that cultural humanity is able to dismantle and set aside such associations. In an attempt to understand and determine what social targeting of ad based television may be occurring in present day society, a primetime television show was analyzed for the possible content of stereotypically-aimed ads. For this exercise, a television show depicting the minority group of African Americans was randomly chosen. The show was Sanford and Son, airing at 7 pm on Monday night, on channel 44. If a discussion of stereotypes in advertising is to create any sort of insight, though, a defined portrait of what the common stereotype is for the African American culture must first be presented as a foundation. Some of the more common depictions of African Americans involve individuals or families with a low income, wherein they are usually purchasing low cost items, have difficulty finding or maintaining a job, or patronize low cost services and agencies. Furthermore, there is usually a strong implication of poor schooling resulting in a diminished intelligence, as well as a predilection towards criminal activity. Richard Schaefer defines the stereotyping of minorities as, Unreliable generalizations that do not take into account individual differences of a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their lives than that held by...the majority (Schaefer, 506-507). However, these stereotypes are just that, and presumably the television show would choose to cast such ideas aside, and portray each group in a more enlightened manner. Apart from shows that might lampoon stereotypical behavior, any sort of further stereotyping from the program or the commercial sponsors would only serve to engrain such misconceptions and stereotypes, as well as offend or ...

Biography of Antonio Maceo, Hero of Cuban Independence

Biography of Antonio Maceo, Hero of Cuban Independence Antonio Maceo (June 14, 1845-December 7, 1896) was a Cuban general considered to be one of the greatest heroes of the nations 30-year struggle for independence from Spain. He was given the nickname The Bronze Titan in reference to his skin color and heroics on the battlefield. Fast Facts: Antonio Maceo Full Name: Josà © Antonio de la Caridad Maceo GrajalesKnown For: Cuban independence heroAlso Known As: The Bronze Titan (nickname given by Cubans), The Greater Lion (nickname given by Spanish forces)Born: June 14, 1845 in Majaguabo, Cuba Died: December 7, 1896 in Punta Brava, CubaParents: Marcos Maceo and Mariana Grajales y Cuello  Spouse: Marà ­a Magdalena Cabrales y FernndezChildren: Marà ­a de la Caridad MaceoKey Accomplishments:  Led Cuban independence fighters in their 30-year struggle against Spain.Famous Quote: No whites nor blacks, but only Cubans. Early life Of Afro-Cuban ancestry, Maceo was the first of nine children of Venezuelan-born Marcos Maceo and Cuban-born Mariana Grajales. Marcos Maceo owned several farms in the rural town of Majaguabo, in the eastern province of Santiago de Cuba. Maceo became interested in politics early in life, joining a Masonic Lodge in the city of Santiago in 1864, which was a hotbed of insurrectionist sentiment against Spain. At the time, Cuba was one of the few colonies Spain still controlled, as most of Latin America had gained its independence in the 1820s under the leadership of liberators like Simà ³n Bolà ­var. Antonio Maceo Grajales portrait from Cuban money.   johan10 / Getty Images The Ten Years War (1868-1878) Cubas first attempt to gain independence was the Ten Years War, which was kicked off by the Grito de Yara (Cry of Yara, or call for insurrection) issued by eastern Cuban plantation owner Carlos Manuel de Cà ©spedes, who freed his slaves and incorporated them into his rebellion. Maceo, his father Marcos, and several of his brothers quickly joined the mambises (as the rebel army was called) with the full support of mother Mariana, known as the mother of the nation because of her unwavering dedication to Cuban independence. Marcos was killed in battle in 1869, and Maceo was wounded. However, he had already risen quickly in the ranks because of his skill and leadership on the battlefield. The rebels were ill-equipped to take on the Spanish army, so they avoided large battles and focused on guerilla tactics and sabotage, such as cutting telegraph lines, destroying sugar mills, and attempting to hinder commercial activity on the island. Maceo proved himself to be a brilliant guerilla tactician. According to historian Philip Foner, he depended upon surprise, swiftness, and the confusion and terror that his troops aroused as they fell suddenly on their enemy: their gleaming machete blades brandished on high and fierce war whoops piercing the air. Maceos battalions always freed the slaves when they captured sugar mills, encouraging them to join the rebel army by emphasizing that abolition was a major goal of the independence struggle. However, Cà ©spedes believed in gradual emancipation, contingent on the success of the insurgence against Spain. He wanted to appease slaveholders and bring them over to the rebels side without forcing them to choose between slavery and independence. Although he eventually came to believe that slave abolition was crucial for independence, conservative forces (particularly landowners) within the insurgency disagreed and this came to be a particularly divisive issue among rebels. Dominican-born Mximo Gà ³mez, who had become the leader of the rebel army in 1870, realized in late 1871 that in order to win the war, the rebels would have to invade western Cuba, the richest part of the island, where the largest sugar mills and majority of slaves were concentrated. Just as Abraham Lincoln eventually understood that freeing U.S. slaves via the Emancipation Proclamation was the only way to disrupt the Confederacys economy by depriving it of its labor force, Gà ³mez recognized the need to induce slaves to join the rebels struggle. It took three more years for Gà ³mez to convince Cà ©spedes and the rebel government to take the war to western Cuba with Maceo as a key leader. However, conservative elements spread slander about Maceo, stating that his tactic of freeing slaves would result in another Haitian Revolution, where black people would take over the island and kill white landowners. Thus, when Gà ³mez and Maceo arrived in the central province of Las Villas, the soldiers there refused to accept Maceos orders and he was called back to eastern Cuba. The rebel government ended up going back on the agreement to invade the west. By 1875, the rebel army controlled the eastern half of the island, but dissension within the rebel government continued, as did racist rumors about Maceo favoring black soldiers over white ones and wanting to form a black republic. In 1876 he wrote a letter rebutting these rumors: Neither now nor at any time am I to be regarded as an advocate of a Negro Republic or anything of that sort...I do not recognize any hierarchy. In 1877 a new Spanish commander entered the war. He went on the offensive against the rebel army, sowing dissension in the ranks and reinforcing racist lies about Maceo. In addition, Maceo was seriously wounded. In 1878, the president of the rebel republic, Toms Palma Estrada, was captured by Spanish troops. Finally, on February 11, 1878, the Treaty of Zanjà ³n was signed between the rebel government and the Spanish. Slaves who were freed during the war were allowed to maintain their freedom, but slavery was not abolished and Cuba continued to be under Spanish rule. The Baragu Protest and Guerra Chiquita (1878-1880) In March 1878, Maceo and a group of rebel leaders officially protested the treaty in Baragu and refused to sign it, even though he had been offered a large sum of money to accept it. He then left Cuba for Jamaica and eventually New York. General Calixto Garcà ­a, meanwhile, continued to encourage Cubans to take up arms against the Spanish. Maceo and Garcà ­a met in Kingston, Jamaica, in August 1879 to plan the next uprising, La Guerra Chiquita (The Little War). Maceo was in exile and did not participate in La Guerra Chiquita, which was led by Garcà ­a, Maceos brother Josà ©, and Guillermà ³n Moncada. Maceo survived various assassination attempts by the Spanish while in exile. The rebel army was ill-prepared for another war and Garcà ­a was captured in August 1880 and sent to prison in Spain. The Interwar Years Maceo resided in Honduras between 1881 and 1883, during which time he began to correspond with Josà © Martà ­, who had been in exile since 1871. Maceo moved to the U.S. in 1884 to join the new independence movement and, along with Gà ³mez, secure financial support for a new uprising. Gà ³mez and Maceo wanted to attempt a new invasion of Cuba right away, while Martà ­ argued that they needed more preparation. Maceo returned to Cuba for much of 1890, but was forced to go into exile again. In 1892 he returned to New York and learned of Martà ­s new Cuban Revolutionary Party. Martà ­ viewed Maceo as indispensable for the next revolutionary expedition to Cuba. The War of Independence (1895-1898) and Maceos death The War of Independence, the final struggle for Cuban independence, began on February 24, 1895 in eastern Cuba. Maceo and his brother Josà © returned to the island on March 30, with Martà ­ and Gà ³mez following a few weeks later. Martà ­ was killed in his first battle on May 19. Understanding that a failure to invade western Cuba was the cause of defeat in the Ten Years War, Gà ³mez and Maceo made this a priority, and began the campaign in October. As he moved westward, Maceo gained the respect and admiration of both black and white rebels. Although western Cuba had supported Spain during the Ten Years’ War, the rebels were finally successful in invading Havana and the westernmost province of Pinar del Rà ­o in January 1896. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler (nicknamed the Butcher) to take over the Spanish forces, and his primary goal was to destroy Maceo. Although Maceo won several victories over the course of the year, he was killed in battle on December 6, 1896 in Punta Brava, near Havana. Legacy Gà ³mez and Calixto Garcà ­a continued fighting successfully, largely due to Gà ³mezs strategy of torching sugar mills and disrupting the colonial economy. Although it was ultimately the sinking of the USS Maine in February 1898 and the consequent intervention of the U.S. and Spanish-American War that led to Spains defeat, Cubans had all but achieved independence by then, largely because of the skill, leadership, and courage of Antonio Maceo. No independence leader was more committed to the abolition of slavery than Maceo, nor was any other leader as reviled by Spanish forces and targeted by their racist propaganda. Maceo understood that Cuban independence would mean nothing if his Afro-Cuban compatriots remained enslaved. Sources Foner, Philip. Antonio Maceo: The â€Å"Bronze Titan† of Cuba’s Struggle for Independence. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1977.Helg, Aline. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886–1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

College Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

College Writing - Essay Example Further, college students have come out as lacking in the skills of determining which information is relevant, how to obtain it and then how to evaluate the information critically before using it in their writing (Perelman, 130). The major controversy therefore is whether college students are actually lacking in the skills of utilizing sources of information effectively, or the college grading systems have forced the students to misuse the information sources. Nevertheless, whether through summarizing or paraphrasing, college students are not generally lacking in skills of information internalization and subsequent application in their work. Rather, the grading systems of the testing organizations are forcing the students to misuse or misapply the sources. Most contemporary argument regarding the best ways in which college students should complete their academic work and papers hold that summary is the most effective method of students obtaining information from sources. This argument holds that summary enabled students to obtain information from a source in a critical manner, and then incorporate it in their own work, since summary â€Å"compel the writer to understand the source† (Howard, Serviss and Rodrigue, 177). On the other hand, it is argued that paraphrasing is the most suitable method of the college students using information obtained from their sources, owing to the fact that information is most effective as a paraphrase, when it has been written in students’ own words (Perelman, 131). However, the problem may not even rest in which method students should apply in utilizing sources of information and incorporating them in their work. The major issue is what could be the reason behind the students using their s ources in the way the use them. The grading criteria approved and applied by the College Board requires that a